SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 2) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 4 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    71, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 70, 47, 48, 41, 49, 
    50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 
    60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 
    72
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00180

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_products_categories.product_id",
      "temporary_table": {
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_categories",
              "access_type": "ALL",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
              "rows": 7,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,2) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
              "access_type": "ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "3",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
              "ref": ["batterycube.cscart_categories.category_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 31.68316841,
              "index_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (71,42,43,44,45,46,70,47,48,41,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,72)"
            }
          },
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "product_position_source",
              "access_type": "eq_ref",
              "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
              "key": "PRIMARY",
              "key_length": "6",
              "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "product_id"],
              "ref": ["const", "batterycube.cscart_products_categories.product_id"],
              "rows": 1,
              "filtered": 100
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}